object C基础

星期三, 2013-01-16 | Author: liweizhou40 | ios | 3,181 views

这篇主要记录学习apple developer上的Programming with Objective-C的体会
1、类
类是创建对象的模板,接口是类对外的展示
(1)接口定义

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 @interface Person : NSObject
 @property (readonly) NSString *firstName;
 @property (readonly) NSString *lastName;
 @property int yearOfBirth;
 - (void)sayHello;
 - (void)saySomething:(NSString *)someWords;
 @end

需要注意,名称必须唯一,所以一般会添加前缀,防止命名冲突(比如ZLWPerson)。
在方法前加-,代表这是一个实例方法。类方法前加+。
(2)类定义

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#import "XYZPerson.h"
@implementation XYZPerson
- (void)sayHello {
    [self saySomething:@"Hello, world!"];
}
 
- (void)saySomething:(NSString *)someWords{
    NSLog(@"%@", someWords);
}
@end

如果要调用父类的方法[super saySomething:someWords];
(3)对象
方法调用

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[zhoulw saySomething:@"shut up!"];

初始化(可带参数)

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SomeObject *newObject = [[SomeObject alloc] initWithInt:30];

利用new初始化(不带参数,只是简化写法)

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SomeObject *newObject = [SomeObject new];

利用工厂方法(实际上还是调用了初始化)

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NSNumber *magicNumber = [NSNumber numberWithInt:42];

利用字面量

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NSString *name = @"zlw";

nil:不同于java的null,不会抛异常

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    if (somePerson) {
        // somePerson points to an object
    }

实例变量

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   @synthesize firstName = ivar_firstName;
   ...
   NSString* firstName = [personZlw firstName];
   firstName = personZlw.firstName;
   firstName = ivar_firstName;
   [personZlw setFirstName:@"zhoulw"];

没有使用@synthesize,则实例变量名为_firstName;
@synthesize firstName,则实例变量名就是firstName;
可以不写property,定义实例变量,不过不建议使用;
在init方法中,直接使用实例变量赋值,而不用set方法(why?没有实例?);
get,set方法是原子操作
强引用,弱引用

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   @property (weak) id delegate;
   NSObject * __weak weakVariable;

有些类不可以被弱引用,如NSTextView, NSFont and NSColorSpace

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   @property (unsafe_unretained) NSObject *unsafeProperty;
   NSObject * __unsafe_unretained unsafeReference;

copy修饰

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   NSMutableString *nameString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"John"];
   self.badgeView.firstName = nameString;
   [nameString appendString:@"ny"];
   ...
   //直接赋值时别忘记copy
   _instanceVariableForCopyProperty = [aString copy];

4、protocol
略,原来写了,忘记保存,懒得补
5、block

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   void (^simpleBlock)(void) = ^{
        NSLog(@"This is a block");
   };
   ...
   simpleBlock();
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   double (^multiplyTwoValues)(double, double) =
                              ^(double firstValue, double secondValue) {
                                  return firstValue * secondValue;
                              };
    double result = multiplyTwoValues(2,4);
    NSLog(@"The result is %f", result);
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   int anInteger = 42;
    void (^testBlock)(void) = ^{
        NSLog(@"Integer is: %i", anInteger);
    };
    anInteger = 84;
    testBlock(); //42

__block block可以知道变量修改,并且block可以改变变量值

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   __block int anInteger = 42;
    void (^testBlock)(void) = ^{
        NSLog(@"Integer is: %i", anInteger);
        anInteger = 100;
    };
    anInteger = 48;
    testBlock();//48
    NSLog(@"Value of original variable is now: %i", anInteger);//100
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   typedef void (^XYZSimpleBlock)(void);
   XYZSimpleBlock anotherBlock = ^{
      ...
   };
   - (void)beginFetchWithCallbackBlock:(XYZSimpleBlock)callbackBlock {
      ...
      callbackBlock();
   }

文章作者: liweizhou40

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